The leakage of dredger hydraulic system usually has the following reasons:
- Design reasons for the leakage of dredger hydraulic system
- Reasons for seal design
Most of the dynamic seals have been precisely designed, If the dynamic seals are qualified, installed correctly, and used reasonably, they can ensure that there is no leakage for a long time. Due to the dust and sediment impurities in the use environment of the dredger, the appropriate dustproof seal should be selected in the design, such as the floating seal ring sealing device, avoid dust and other dirt entering the system to destroy the seal and pollute the oil, resulting in leakage. The design eliminates side loads on the piston rod and driveshaft seals and keeps the speed of the piston rod and shaft as low as possible.
Static seals prevent oil leakage between rigidly fixed surfaces. The dimensions and tolerances of the sealing groove should be designed reasonably so that the sealing part after installation can be deformed by extrusion to fit the micro-depression of the surface, and the internal stress of the sealing part should be increased to higher than the pressure being sealed. When the rigidity of parts or bolt pretension force is not large enough, the matching surface will be separated under the action of oil pressure, resulting in clearance or increase due to the sealing surface is not flat and may exist clearance. With the movement of the surface, the static seal becomes a dynamic seal. Rough mating surfaces will wear out seals, and changing clearance will chip away at sealing edges. These all cause hydraulic system leakage directly or indirectly to varying degrees.
- Installation design reasons
When the valve set or bottom plate is fixed on the mounting surface with bolts, in order to obtain a satisfactory initial seal and prevent the seals from being squeezed out of the groove and being worn, the mounting surface should be considered in the design to be straight, the sealing surface should be finished, the surface roughness should be up to 0.8 microns, and the flatness should be up to 0.01/100mm. There should be no radial scratches on the surface, and the pretension of the connecting screw should be large enough to prevent the surface from separating.
- Manufacturing and assembly reasons for the leakage of dredger hydraulic system
- Manufacturing reasons
All hydraulic components and sealing parts have strict requirements on dimensional tolerance, surface treatment, surface finish, and form and position tolerance. If in your manufacturing process, such as oil cylinder piston radius, seal groove depth or width, seal the hole size of super poor or lost due to machining problem, itself falls off burrs or hollow point, chrome-plated, etc., the seals will be deformation, scratches, killed or pressure false phenomenon and lose its sealing function. The parts themselves will have a congenital leakage point, after assembly or during the use of leakage.
- Assembly reason
Hydraulic components in the assembly should be put an end to the savage operation, if too much force will make parts deformation, especially with and banging on the cylinder body, sealing flange, such as copper bar, carefully check should be made for parts before assembly, assembly parts should be dipped in a little hydraulic oil, gently pushed, diesel when cleaning applications, especially the sealing ring, dust ring, o-ring, rubber components, if using gasoline, make its aging lose elasticity, thereby losing sealing function. Pipe fittings, high-pressure hoses, etc. shall be assembled strictly in accordance with the specifications.
- Gas pollution for leakage of dredger hydraulic system
Air and gas are important factors causing the failure of the hydraulic seal. At atmospheric pressure, the air in the hydraulic oil can dissolve about 9%. At high pressure of the hydraulic system, more air or gas will be dissolved in the oil.
- Cavitation
Air bubbles form in the oil. If the pressure changes greatly in the hydraulic system in a very short time, the bubbles will produce high temperatures on the high-pressure side, expand (jet effect) on the low-pressure side and release considerable energy, forming so-called cavitation. The surface roughness aggravates this process. Once the seal is damaged by the concave point on the surface of the components of the hydraulic system, the hydraulic oil will rush to the surface of the components with high speed and great acceleration, resulting in wear and tear and leakage.
- Diesel effect
If the system pressure rises sharply over very short periods of time, the bubbles are heated to the point where the air or mixture of gases in the bubbles causes spontaneous combustion. 1 Φ 25 mm air bubble, for example, in milliseconds from atmospheric pressure to 50 mph, in the center of the bubbles will produce a high temperature of 2500 ℃. If this effect occurs near the seal or support ring, the seal or support ring will be scorched and the seal failure will cause leakage.
- Particle pollution for leakage of dredger hydraulic system
There are many reasons for the pollution of the hydraulic system and oil particles. Among them, there are both residual during processing and assembly and pollutants in test media, as well as invasion pollution of the hydraulic system through gas tank vent and seal, and internal metal particle pollution of hydraulic components due to abrasive wear, fatigue wear, erosion wear and gas erosion wear. Dredging boat anchored the hydraulic oil cylinder, winch, and winch as the main components of the hydraulic system, due to the piston rod in the working process of the bare and environmental connect directly touch the mud pump work underwater, etc., while on the guide sleeve is equipped with dustproof ring and seal, but it’s hard to avoid bringing dust, dirt to the hydraulic system, accelerate the seals and the piston rod scratches and wear, causing leakage.
- Water pollution for leakage of dredger hydraulic system
The main reasons why the hydraulic oil mixed with water are as follows: because the working environment of the dredger is wet, water may enter the hydraulic system; In addition, coolant leakage and high humidity water vapor into the tank. Water will react with the hydraulic oil, forming acidic substances and sludge, reduce the lubricity of the hydraulic oil, accelerate the wear of components, water will also cause the control valve stem bonding, making the control valve operation difficult scratch seal, resulting in leakage.
- Parts damage for leakage of dredger hydraulic system
Sealing parts are made of oil-resistant rubber and other materials. Aging, cracking and damage will cause system leakage due to long-time use. If the parts are damaged by a collision during work, the sealing elements will be scratched, resulting in a leak.
- Oil temperature is too high for leakage of dredger hydraulic system
General hydraulic machinery oil temperature in the 30-50℃ range is more appropriate. Higher oil temperature decreases the viscosity of the oil, thus increasing the leakage. The efficiency of the pump is reduced, and the movement speed of the actuator is slowed down, which affects the stability of the operation. When the viscosity decreases, the oil becomes thinner and the lubrication film becomes thinner relative to the moving surface, leading to increased mechanical wear. When the oil temperature rises high, the oil will deteriorate and the service life of the oil will be reduced. Too high oil temperature will make the valve components thermal expansion, with the gap reduced, increase the valve core wear, or even stuck, and make the seal aging deterioration, resulting in leakage.
